1. 惩罚：第三类是legislature,这样的统治者他们制定法律讲法,在遇到社会变革的时候,会去修改法律使其适应新的社会. officer犯了错误,必须要受到惩罚(punished),否则统治者就会陷入腐败(corruption)

2. 处分：备案put on record | 处分punished | 擅自do sth without authorization

1. punished的翻译

adj

1. subjected to a penalty (as pain or shame or restraint or loss) for an offense or fault or in order to coerce some behavior (as a confession or obedience)