及物/不及物动词决心; 决定

及物动词使消释; 使分解，使解体; （指委员会或集会）表决; 消退（炎症等）

不及物动词分解; 下决定

名词决意，决定; （会议等的）决议

1. 解决
To resolve a problem, argument, or difficulty means to find a solution to it.

e.g. We must find a way to resolve these problems before it's too late...
我们必须及时找到解决这些问题的方法。
e.g. They hoped the crisis could be resolved peacefully.
他们希望这场危机能够得到和平解决。

2. 决定;下定决心
If you resolve to do something, you make a firm decision to do it.

e.g. She resolved to report the matter to the hospital's nursing manager...
她决定把这件事汇报给医院的护士长。
e.g. She resolved that, if Mimi forgot this promise, she would remind her.
她决定，如果米米忘记了这个承诺，她就提醒她。

3. 决心;决意
Resolve is determination to do what you have decided to do.

e.g. This will strengthen the American public's resolve to go to war.
这会坚定美国公众诉诸战争的决心。

4. （使）分解为
If you resolve something into a clearer form, or if it resolves into a clearer form, its shape or the different parts it contains become clear.

e.g. ...like a musician resolving a confused mass of sound into melodic or harmonic order...
就像音乐家那样将混乱嘈杂的声音变成优美和谐的旋律
e.g. Each of the spirals of light resolved into points.
每一束螺旋光都分解成了光点。

及物动词需要; 要求，请求; [法]召唤; 询问，盘问

名词需求; 需要; 要求，请求; 销路

不及物动词需要; 请求; 查问

1. （强烈）要求;强令
If you demand something such as information or action, you ask for it in a very forceful way.

e.g. Mr Byers last night demanded an immediate explanation from the Education Secretary...
昨晚拜尔斯先生要求教育大臣立刻作出解释。
e.g. Russia demanded that Unita send a delegation to the peace talks...
俄罗斯要求安盟派代表团参加和谈。

2. 需要
If one thing demands another, the first needs the second in order to happen or be dealt with successfully.

e.g. He said the task of reconstruction would demand much patience, hard work and sacrifice...
他说重建任务将需要付出极大的耐心、艰辛和牺牲。
e.g. There would be fewer international crises demanding his attention...
需要他去关注的国际危机将会减少。

3. （坚决的）要求
A demand is a firm request for something.

e.g. There have been demands for services from tenants up there...
那里的房客要求提供服务。
e.g. They consistently rejected the demand to remove US troops...
他们一再拒绝撤走美国部队的要求。

4. 需求;需求量
If you refer to demand, or to the demand for something, you are referring to how many people want to have it, do it, or buy it.

e.g. Another flight would be arranged on Saturday if sufficient demand arose...
如果需求量足够大，周六将再安排一趟航班。
e.g. Demand for coal is down and so are prices...
煤的需求下降了，煤价也相应下跌。

5. 所需（或要求）的事物
The demands of something or its demands on you are the things which it needs or the things which you have to do for it.

e.g. Researchers wrongly assumed that people were quite clear about the demands of the task.
研究人员错误地认为大家都很清楚该项任务的要求。
e.g. ...the demands and challenges of a new job...
新工作的要求和挑战

6. 很受欢迎;需求量大
If someone or something is in demand or in great demand, they are very popular and a lot of people want them.

e.g. He was much in demand as a lecturer in the US.
他的讲座在美国很受欢迎。

7. （对…）提出要求
If someone or something makes demands on you, they require you to do things which need a lot of time, energy, or money.

e.g. I had no right to make demands on his time.
我无权占用他的时间。

8. 一经要求;承索
If something is available or happens on demand, you can have it or it happens whenever you want it or ask for it.

e.g. ...a national commitment to providing treatment on demand for drug abusers.
承诺在全国范围内为提出请求的吸毒者提供治疗

及物动词训练; 使有纪律; 处罚; 使有条理

名词纪律; 学科; 训练; 符合行为准则的行为（或举止）

1. 训练;纪律;风纪
Discipline is the practice of making people obey rules or standards of behaviour, and punishing them when they do not.

e.g. Order and discipline have been placed in the hands of headmasters and governing bodies.
维持秩序和纪律的工作已交接给了校长和管理机构了。
e.g. ...discipline problems in the classroom.
课堂纪律问题

2. 自制力;遵守纪律
Discipline is the quality of being able to behave and work in a controlled way which involves obeying particular rules or standards.

e.g. It was that image of calm and discipline that appealed to voters.
正是那个冷静、自律的形象打动了选民。

3. 训练;磨炼
If you refer to an activity or situation as a discipline, you mean that, in order to be successful in it, you need to behave in a strictly controlled way and obey particular rules or standards.

e.g. ...inner disciplines like transcendental meditation...
内省，如冥思静坐
e.g. The discipline of studying music can help children develop good work habits.
音乐学习中的训练可以帮助孩子们培养好的工作习惯。

4. 惩罚;处罚;处分
If someone is disciplined for something that they have done wrong, they are punished for it.

e.g. The workman was disciplined by his company but not dismissed...
那个工人受到了公司的处罚，但并没有被解雇。
e.g. Her husband had at last taken a share in disciplining the boy.
她的丈夫最后也加了进来一起教训那个男孩。

5. 训练;训导;管教
If you discipline yourself to do something, you train yourself to behave and work in a strictly controlled and regular way.

e.g. Out on the course you must discipline yourself to let go of detailed theory...
在高尔夫球场上，你必须训练自己做到不拘泥于细枝末节的理论。
e.g. I'm very good at disciplining myself.
我能做到严格自律。

6. (尤指大学里的)学科，科目
A discipline is a particular area of study, especially a subject of study in a college or university.

e.g. You've got to make sure that people work together across disciplines...
你必须确保让那些出身不同学科的人一起共事。
e.g. We're looking for people from a wide range of disciplines.
我们需要各个学科的人才。

7. see also: self-discipline

形容词额外的，补充的，附加的; 特大的，特别的

名词附加物，额外的事物; 临时演员; 号外; 上等产品，上品

副词额外地; 格外地，特别地

1. 额外的;外加的
You use extra to describe an amount, person, or thing that is added to others of the same kind, or that can be added to others of the same kind.

e.g. Police warned motorists to allow extra time to get to work...
警方告诫驾车者出门上班要留出富余时间。
e.g. Extra staff have been taken on to cover busy periods...
额外雇用了一些员工来应付繁忙时期。

2. 费用另计的；额外收费的
If something is extra, you have to pay more money for it in addition to what you are already paying for something.

e.g. For foreign orders postage is extra...
国外订单邮费另计。
e.g. The price of your meal is extra.
你的餐费另计。

3. 额外费用
Extras are additional amounts of money that are added to the price that you have to pay for something.

e.g. She is disgusted by big hotels adding so many extras to the bill that it nearly doubles...
她非常厌恶大酒店额外收取这么多费用，账单金额都快翻倍了。
e.g. There are no hidden extras.
没有隐性的额外费用。

4. 额外之物;附加物
Extras are things which are not necessary in a situation, activity, or object, but which make it more comfortable, useful, or enjoyable.

e.g. Optional extras include cooking tuition at a top restaurant...
可选的额外项目包括在顶级餐厅学习厨艺。
e.g. They are also spending much less on extras like meals in restaurants.
他们花在下馆子等额外消费上的钱也少多了。

5. （电影中的）临时演员，群众演员
The extras in a film are the people who play unimportant parts, for example as members of a crowd.

6. 格外;特别
You can use extra in front of adjectives and adverbs to emphasize the quality that they are describing.

e.g. I'd have to be extra careful...
我不得不格外小心。
e.g. What makes a magnificent garden extra special?...
是什么让华丽的花园格外特别？

7. to go the extra mile - see mile

名词势头; 动力; [物]动量; 要素，契机

1. 势头;冲劲;动力
If a process or movement gains momentum, it keeps developing or happening more quickly and keeps becoming less likely to stop.

e.g. This campaign is really gaining momentum...
该运动的势头越来越猛。
e.g. They are each anxious to maintain the momentum of the search for a solution.
他们每个人都迫切希望能一直劲头十足地去寻求解决方案。

2. (物理学中的)动量，冲量
In physics, momentum is the mass of a moving object multiplied by its speed in a particular direction.

名词责任; 职责; 负责任; 责任感，责任心

1. 责任;义务
If you have responsibility for something or someone, or if they are your responsibility, it is your job or duty to deal with them and to take decisions relating to them.

e.g. Each manager had responsibility for just under 600 properties...
每位经理负责将近600处房产。
e.g. We need to take responsibility for looking after our own health...
我们必须对自己的健康负责。

2. 责任;过失
If you accept responsibility for something that has happened, you agree that you were to blame for it or you caused it.

e.g. No one admitted responsibility for the attacks...
没有人对这些袭击负责。
e.g. Someone had to give orders and take responsibility for mistakes.
必须得有人下令，并为错误负责。

3. 职责;任务
Your responsibilities are the duties that you have because of your job or position.

e.g. He handled his responsibilities as a counselor in an intelligent and caring fashion.
作为一名顾问他精明能干、热心周到。
e.g. ...programmes to help employees balance work and family responsibilities.
帮助雇员兼顾工作和家庭责任的项目

4. 重任;职权
If someone is given responsibility, they are given the right or opportunity to make important decisions or to take action without having to get permission from anyone else.

e.g. She would have loved to have a better-paying job with more responsibility...
她本想有一份报酬更高、职权更大的工作。
e.g. Carrington held a position of responsibility within the government.
卡林顿在政府机构身居要职。

5. （道义上的）责任，义务
If you think that you have a responsibility to do something, you feel that you ought to do it because it is morally right to do it.

e.g. The court feels it has a responsibility to ensure that customers are not misled...
法院认为它有责任确保消费者不受误导。
e.g. As parents we have a responsibility to give our children a sense of belonging.
作为父母，我们有责任给孩子一种归属感。

6. 对…的责任
If you think that you have a responsibility to someone, you feel that it is your duty to take action that will protect their interests.

e.g. She had decided that as a doctor she had a responsibility to her fellow creatures.
她已经决定，作为医生，她应该对自己的同胞负责。

名词倾向，趋势; （话或作品等的）旨趣，意向; 性情; 癖好

1. (令人焦虑或不快的)习惯，经常性行为，倾向
A tendency is a worrying or unpleasant habit or action that keeps occurring.

e.g. The army has become increasingly restless over the mounting separatist tendencies of the northern republics.
军方对于北方几个共和国不断加剧的分裂倾向感到越来越不安。
e.g. ...the government's tendency towards secrecy in recent years.
近年来政府的保密倾向

2. (性格中不良的)倾向，偏好
A tendency is a part of your character that makes you behave in an unpleasant or worrying way.

e.g. He is spoiled, arrogant and has a tendency towards snobbery...
他被宠坏了，傲慢无礼，而且经常自命不凡。
e.g. Helen had been struggling against suicidal tendencies.
海伦一直在压制心里的自杀念头。

名词牵引力; 拖拉; 附着摩擦力

1. 牵引(术);牵引治疗
[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;Traction is a form of medical treatment, in which weights and pulleys are used to gently pull or stretch an injured part of the body for a period of time. You say that a person who is having this treatment is in traction .

[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;e.g. Is there an alternative to traction for a broken leg?…
[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;对于腿部骨折有什么方法替代牵引治疗吗？
[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;e.g. Isabelle's legs were in traction for about two and a half weeks.
[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;伊莎贝尔的腿做了两周半的牵引治疗。

2. (对车辆的)牵引力，拉力
[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;Traction is a particular form of power that makes a vehicle move.

3. (尤指车轮对地面的)附着摩擦力
[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;Traction is the grip that something has on the ground, especially the wheels of a vehicle.

名词士气; 精神面貌

1. 士气;精神面貌
Morale is the amount of confidence and cheerfulness that a group of people have.

e.g. Many pilots are suffering from low morale...
很多飞行员目前士气低落。
e.g. They hope to boost the morale of their troops.
他们希望提升部队的士气。