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英语听力文章:电脑与操作系统的工作原理详解

听力内容简介

本文通过精选电脑与操作系统相关的英语听力文章与对话,讲解计算机的工作原理、硬件与软件的区别,以及Windows系统的功能与应用,帮助学习者掌握更贴近实际生活和专业场景的英语表达。

小技巧:选中单词后按放大器可以翻译单词哦

文章内容

学习英语不仅要掌握语法和词汇,更重要的是能在真实场景中自然运用。然而,课本上的句子往往过于正式,与实际生活中的表达相差甚远。想要说出一口地道、自然的英语,就需要接触真实语境中的对话。在这里,我们精选日常高频使用的英语表达,涵盖社交、工作、旅行等场景,帮你摆脱“教科书式英语”,学会老外真正在用的说法。下面是本期《电脑英语计算机是如何工作的?》的内容,坚持积累,让你的英语更贴近生活!

Chapter 4. How does a computer work? Dialogue 1. Mark, your computer has just turned off all by itself. Actually, it's not working to other server mode. Energy server mode. What's that? The processor hasn't received any input for a certain period of time. It's just off the monitor. All you have to do to turn it on again is move the mouse or hit a key on the keyboard.

Dialogue 2. So, we've decided to get a laptop computer. That's right. It's more expensive and harder to fix, but on the road, it helps so much. I have to have something I can check with you.

Dialogue 3. Did you get your new laptop yet? No. I've done some shopping but it's hard to decide. Why is that? Well, I found one that I like quite a bit. It has a 15 inch screen with good resolution, but it doesn't have a built-in CD-ROM. The other has a floppy drive and CD-ROM, but the screen is smaller and it's just too heavy. I guess you can't have the best of both worlds. I guess not.

Dialogue 4. I like storing my pictures on disk because it gives me lots of options. First of all, it provides a safe, compact place to store them. Second, I can do lots of fun things with them using the image editing software I have. And with anything else? Well, if I want to, I can print them out later. I can also use the computer to present them as a slideshow for my friends.

Passage. A computer is controlled by a stored program. The first step in using the machine is copying the program from disk into memory. Now, the processor can begin executing instructions. Input data from the keyboard are stored in memory. The processor manipulates the data, storing the results back into memory. Finally, the results are output. Memory's content is easy to change. Thus, when one set of data has been processed, the program can be repeated, reading and processing new data and generating new output.

If the data can be changed, why not the program? When one program is finished, a new one can take its place in memory. A computer can process completely different data under different programs. One minute, it can generate paychecks from payroll data. The next minute, it can prepare bills from invoices. Later, it can produce charts from statistical data, or even regulate the position of an imaginary spaceship on a display screen using a joystick.

The physical components of a computer — the processor, memory, input devices, and output devices — are its hardware. You can see them, touch them, and feel them. Programs and data are different, existing only as electronic pulses stored in memory. Software is a general term for programs. The hardware-software interface is crucial: application programs provide user functions like playing a game, writing a paper, or generating paychecks. System software works behind the scenes, with the operating system serving as an interface bridging hardware and application software.

The operating system performs many supporting functions. For example, suppose an application program is stored on a disk. Before the program can be executed, it must first be copied into the main memory, since all programs must be in memory to run. This copying process involves considerable logic. Thus, if an application program is to be loaded, there must be another program already in memory to manage the loading process. That program is the operating system.

Chapter 5. Windows Dialogue 1. Your desktop looks different from how it used to look. Yeah, I just installed Windows 19. It has a few new features that make it look different.

Dialogue 2. I didn't know Windows 2000 was already on the market. Yeah, this is the beta version, but it works pretty well. I think I'll wait for the real thing to come out.

Dialogue 3. I think my computer is slowing me down at work. Why is that? I spent all morning setting its wallpaper, screen saver, sound files, and icons just the way I like them. When I got done, there wasn't time to do anything else.

Dialogue 4. Do you have something against Microsoft? I guess not against them, but not for them either. Actually, Microsoft has done some very good things for the computer industry. I would just like to see them have some competition. Windows works all right, but it could still use improvement. That probably won't happen without competition.

Passage. Windows is an extension of DOS. By utilizing Windows, you expand all the features of DOS. Windows allows you to execute multiple programs simultaneously, quickly changing from one application to another, and to integrate multiple packages, exploiting the best features of each. Many users are already sold on its tremendous flexibility. Windows lays the foundation for future PC operating systems. Written in C language, Windows allows many programmers to interface applications with it, leading to many more integrated programs in the future.

Another goal of Windows is to relieve users from the burden of memorizing DOS commands. Instead of typing commands, users interact with pull-down menus, dialog boxes, and icons. Windows supports a mouse interface, making it easy for novices to use and reducing training time. In addition, Windows allows multitasking: a time-sharing system where several programs run at the same time. Windows also functions as a desktop system, providing tools such as a notepad, calculator, and calendar.

As Windows runs multiple programs, each window appears as a distinct region on the screen, letting users work with several applications simultaneously. Windows manages this by time-sharing the CPU. Each program is executed when the CPU retrieves its instructions from memory. Due to the tremendous speed of modern computers, the CPU often spends most of its time idle, waiting for users to input characters from the keyboard. This efficiency makes multitasking practical and responsive.

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部分单词释义

  • character

    名词性格; 角色; 特点; 字母

    及物动词刻,印; 使具有特征

    1. (人的)性格,个性;(地方的)特点
    The character of a person or place consists of all the qualities they have that make them distinct from other people or places.

    e.g. Perhaps there is a negative side to his character that you haven't seen yet...
    或许,他性格中不好的一面你还没有看见。
    e.g. The character of this country has been formed by immigration.
    这个国家的国民性是由移民形成的。

    2. 特点;特征;特色
    If something has a particular character, it has a particular quality.

    e.g. The financial concessions granted to British Aerospace were, he said, of a precarious character...
    他说,向英国宇航公司给予财政优惠未获证实。
    e.g. The state farms were semi-military in character.
    那些国有农场从性质上讲是半军事的。

    3. (某地人具有的)特点,特色,特征
    You can use character to refer to the qualities that people from a particular place are believed to have.

    e.g. Individuality is a valued and inherent part of the British character.
    个性鲜明是英国人固有的、也是他们看重的特点。

    4. 人物;人
    You use character to say what kind of person someone is. For example, if you say that someone is a strange character, you mean they are strange.

    e.g. It's that kind of courage and determination that makes him such a remarkable character...
    就是那种勇气和决心使他成为如此了不起的人。
    e.g. What a sad character that Nigel is.
    奈杰尔真是个可悲的人哪。

    5. 人品;品行
    Your character is your personality, especially how reliable and honest you are. If someone is of good character, they are reliable and honest. If they are of bad character, they are unreliable and dishonest.

    e.g. He's begun a series of personal attacks on my character...
    他开始对我进行一连串的人身攻击。
    e.g. Mr Bartman was a man of good character.
    巴特曼先生品德高尚。

    6. (坚强的)个性,性格;人格力量
    If you say that someone has character, you mean that they have the ability to deal effectively with difficult, unpleasant, or dangerous situations.

    e.g. She showed real character in her attempts to win over the crowd...
    她在努力获得民众的支持时,表现出真正的人格力量。
    e.g. I didn't know Ron had that much strength of character.
    我当时不知道罗恩有那么坚强的个性。

    7. (地方的)与众不同之处,特色
    If you say that a place has character, you mean that it has an interesting or unusual quality which makes you notice it and like it.

    e.g. An ugly shopping centre stands across from one of the few buildings with character.
    一座难看的购物中心对面,耸立着为数不多的几幢别具特色的大楼之一。

    8. (电影、书、戏剧里的)人物,角色
    The characters in a film, book, or play are the people that it is about.

    e.g. The film is autobiographical and the central character is played by Collard himself...
    这部电影是自传体,其中的主角由科勒德亲自扮演。
    e.g. He's made the characters believable.
    他让个个角色都逼真可信。

    9. 有趣的人;怪人;滑稽的人
    If you say that someone is a character, you mean that they are interesting, unusual, or amusing.

    e.g. He'll be sadly missed. He was a real character.
    人们会非常怀念他的,他可真是个有趣的人啊。

    10. 字母;数字;文字;字符
    A character is a letter, number, or other symbol that is written or printed.

    11. 符合/不符合…的性格(或特点)
    If someone's actions are in character, they are doing what you would expect them to do, knowing what kind of person they are. If their actions are out of character, they are not doing what you would expect them to do.

    e.g. It was entirely in character for Rachel to put her baby first...
    把自己的婴孩放在第一位,这完全符合雷切尔的性格。
    e.g. What else could make him behave so out of character?
    还有什么能让他做出这种如此失常的行为来?

  • compact

    及物/不及物动词压紧,(使)坚实; 把…弄紧密,把…弄结实; 使(文体)简洁,简化; 变紧密,变结实

    形容词紧凑的; 简洁的,(文体等)紧凑的; 小巧易携带的; (物质)致密的,(体格)结实的

    名词协议; 条约; 带镜小粉盒; 小汽车

    The adjective and verb are pronounced /k?m'p?kt/. The noun is pronounced /'k?mp?kt/. 形容词和动词读作 /k?m'p?kt/,名词读作 /'k?mp?kt/。
  • distinct

    形容词明显的,清楚的; 卓越的,不寻常的; 有区别的; 确切的

    1. 有区别的;不同的;个别的
    If something is distinct from something else of the same type, it is different or separate from it.

    e.g. Engineering and technology are disciplines distinct from one another and from science...
    工程学和工艺学互不相同,也有别于自然学科。
    e.g. This book is divided into two distinct parts.
    这本书分为内容不同的两部分。

    distinctly
    ...a banking industry with two distinctly different sectors.
    涉足两个截然不同领域的银行业
  • integrate

    及物动词使一体化; 使整合; 使完整; 使结合成为整体

    不及物动词成为一体; 结合在一起; 合并; [数学]作积分运算

    形容词整体的; 完整的; 完全的; 综合的

    1. (使)加入;(使)融入
    If someone integrates into a social group, or is integrated into it, they behave in such a way that they become part of the group or are accepted into it.

    e.g. He didn't integrate successfully into the Italian way of life...
    他没有顺利地融入到意大利的生活方式中。
    e.g. Integrating the kids with the community, finding them a role, is essential...
    使孩子融入社区并为他们找到某个角色非常必要。

    integrated
    He thinks we are living in a fully integrated, supportive society.
    他认为我们生活在一个完全和谐、相互扶持的社会里。
  • manipulate

    及物动词操纵; 操作,处理; 巧妙地控制; [医] 推拿,调整

    1. 摆布,操纵,控制(他人)
    If you say that someone manipulates people, you disapprove of them because they skilfully force or persuade people to do what they want.

    e.g. He is a very difficult character. He manipulates people...
    他是个极难对付的角色,总是把人玩弄于股掌之间。
    e.g. She's always borrowing my clothes and manipulating me to give her vast sums of money...
    她老是向我借衣服,还千方百计地要我给她大笔大笔的钱。

    manipulation
    ...repeated criticism or manipulation of our mind...
    对我们的思想的反复批评或一再操控
    I don't like manipulations or lies.
    我不喜欢受别人的摆布,也不爱听到别人说谎。
  • application

    名词适用,应用,运用; 申请,请求,申请表格; 勤勉,用功; 敷用,敷用药

    1. 申请;请求;申请书;申请表
    An application for something such as a job or membership of an organization is a formal written request for it.

    e.g. His application for membership of the organisation was rejected...
    他想要加入该组织的申请遭到了拒绝。
    e.g. ...Turkey's application to join the European Community...
    土耳其要求加入欧共体的申请

    2. 应用;运用
    The application of a rule or piece of knowledge is the use of it in a particular situation.

    e.g. Students learned the practical application of the theory they had learned in the classroom...
    学生们学会了将课堂上学到的理论付诸实际应用。
    e.g. Simon's book provides a succinct outline of artificial intelligence and its application to robotics.
    西蒙的书简明扼要地概括了人工智能及其在机器人技术方面的应用。

    3. (计算机的)应用软件
    In computing, an application is a piece of software designed to carry out a particular task.

    4. 勤奋;专心;努力
    Application is hard work and concentration on what you are doing over a period of time.

    e.g. ...his immense talent, boundless energy and unremitting application.
    他横溢的才华、充沛的精力和不懈的努力

    5. 涂抹;敷用;施用
    The application of something to a surface is the act or process of putting it on or rubbing it into the surface.

    e.g. With repeated applications of weedkiller, the weeds were overcome.
    经过反复施用除草剂,杂草得以彻底根除。

  • collection

    名词征收; 收集,采集; 收藏品; 募捐

    1. (一批)收藏品,收集物
    A collection of things is a group of similar things that you have deliberately acquired, usually over a period of time.

    e.g. Robert's collection of prints and paintings has been bought over the years...
    这些年来,罗伯特逐渐收藏了一批版画和绘画作品。
    e.g. The Art Gallery of Ontario has the world's largest collection of sculptures by Henry Moore...
    安大略美术馆是世界上收藏亨利·摩尔雕塑作品最多的美术馆。

    2. (故事、诗歌或文章的)集子,作品集
    A collection of stories, poems, or articles is a number of them published in one book.

    e.g. Two years ago he published a collection of short stories called 'Facing The Music'...
    两年前,他出版了短篇小说集《勇敢面对》。
    e.g. The Brookings Institution has assembled a collection of essays from foreign affairs experts.
    布鲁金斯研究所将一批外交专家撰写的文章结集出版。

    3. 一堆,一群(东西)
    A collection of things is a group of things.

    e.g. Wye Lea is a collection of farm buildings that have been converted into an attractive complex.
    “怀河草地”是一处由农舍改造而成的赏心悦目的建筑群。

    4. (为新季设计的)系列时装
    A fashion designer's new collection consists of the new clothes they have designed for the next season.

    5. 收集;采集
    Collection is the act of collecting something from a place or from people.

    e.g. Money can be sent to any one of 22,000 agents worldwide for collection.
    可以把钱汇给分布在世界各地的22,000名筹款代理人中的任何一位。
    e.g. ...computer systems to speed up collection of information.
    加速信息收集的计算机系统

    6. 募捐
    If you organize a collection for charity, you collect money from people to give to charity.

    e.g. I asked my headmaster if he could arrange a collection for a refugee charity.
    我问校长他是否能为救济难民的慈善机构组织一次募捐。

    7. (教堂礼拜时的)捐款
    A collection is money that is given by people in church during some Christian services.

  • hardware

    名词五金器具; 计算机硬件; 武器装备

    1. (计算机)硬件
    In computer systems, hardware refers to the machines themselves as opposed to the programs which tell the machines what to do.

    2. 重武器;军事装备
    Military hardware is the machinery and equipment that is used by the armed forces, such as tanks, aircraft, and missiles.

    3. (家庭和园艺用的)五金制品,金属器具
    Hardware refers to tools and equipment that are used in the home and garden, for example saucepans, screwdrivers, and lawnmowers.

  • interface

    名词界面; 计接口; 交界面

    动词(使通过界面或接口)接合,连接; [计算机]使联系

    不及物动词相互作用(或影响); 交流,交谈

    1. (学科或系统间相互影响或衔接的)边缘区域,接合部位
    The interface between two subjects or systems is the area in which they affect each other or have links with each other.

    e.g. ...a witty exploration of that interface between bureaucracy and the working world.
    对官僚阶层与劳动大众之间的临界区域的风趣探究

    2. (软件的用户)界面
    If you refer to the user interface of a particular piece of computing software, you are talking about its presentation on screen and how easy it is to operate.

    e.g. ...the development of better user interfaces.
    更友好的用户界面的开发

    3. (计算机或电子设备的)接口
    In computing and electronics, an interface is an electrical cricuit which links one machine, especially a computer, with another.

    4. (使)(与…)相互联系(或连接)
    If one thing interfaces with another, or if two things interface, they have connections with each other. If you interface one thing with another, you connect the two things.

    e.g. ...the way we interface with the environment...
    我们与环境相互作用的方式
    e.g. The different components all have to interface smoothly...
    不同的部件都必须能顺利接合。

  • logic

    名词逻辑,逻辑学; (做某事的)道理; 推理方法; 威力,压力,强制(力)

    形容词逻辑的

    1. 逻辑(学)
    Logic is a method of reasoning that involves a series of statements, each of which must be true if the statement before it is true.

    e.g. Apart from criminal investigation techniques, students learn forensic medicine, philosophy and logic.
    除罪案调查技巧外,学生们还要学习法医学、哲学和逻辑学。

    2. 逻辑性;条理性
    The logic of a conclusion or an argument is its quality of being correct and reasonable.

    e.g. I don't follow the logic of your argument...
    我不明白你的论点逻辑性何在。
    e.g. There would be no logic in upsetting the agreements.
    把协议推翻在逻辑上站不住脚。

    3. (某类人或某个活动领域特有的)推理方法,思维方式
    A particular kind of logic is the way of thinking and reasoning about things that is characteristic of a particular type of person or particular field of activity.

    e.g. The plan was based on sound commercial logic.
    此计划基于合理的商业逻辑。

  • resolution

    名词分辨率; 解决; 决心; 坚决

    1. 正式决定;决议
    Aresolution is a formal decision taken at a meeting by means of a vote.

    e.g. He replied that the UN had passed two major resolutions calling for a complete withdrawal.
    他答复说联合国已经通过了两项号召全面撤军的重要决议。
    e.g. ...a draft resolution on the occupied territories.
    针对被占领领土的决议草案

    2. 决心;决定
    If you make a resolution, you decide to try very hard to do something.

    e.g. They made a resolution to lose all the weight gained during the Christmas period.
    他们下定决心要减去圣诞期间增加的体重。

    3. 坚定;坚决;果断
    Resolution is determination to do something or not do something.

    e.g. 'I think I'll try a hypnotist,' I said with sudden resolution.
    “我会找催眠师试试,”我突然坚决地说。

    4. 解决
    The resolution of a problem or difficulty is the final solving of it.

    e.g. ...the successful resolution of a dispute involving UN inspectors in Baghdad.
    涉及联合国驻巴格达观察员的争端的成功解决
    e.g. ...in order to find a peaceful resolution to the crisis.
    为了和平解决此次危机

    5. 分辨率;清晰度
    The resolution of an image is how clear the image is.

    e.g. Now this machine gives us such high resolution that we can see very small specks of calcium.
    现在这台机器可以呈现很高的分辨率,我们可以看见非常小的钙微粒。

  • processor

    名词加工; 数据处理机; (计算机的)中央处理器; 加工机(或工人)

    1. 处理器
    A processor is the part of a computer that interprets commands and performs the processes the user has requested.

    2. 加工者;处理者;加工机
    A processor is someone or something which carries out a process.

    e.g. ...food growers and processors.
    粮食种植者和加工者

  • novice

    名词初学者,新手; 新信徒; 尚未赢过大赛的赛马

    1. 新手;生手;初学者
    A novice is someone who has been doing a job or other activity for only a short time and so is not experienced at it.

    e.g. I'm a novice at these things, Lieutenant. You're the professional...
    中尉,做这些事情我是新手,你是行家。
    e.g. As a novice writer, this is something I'm interested in.
    作为初涉写作的人,我对此很感兴趣。

    2. 见习修士(或修女)
    In a monastery or convent, a novice is a person who is preparing to become a monk or nun.

  • simultaneously

    副词同时地; 一壁; 齐; 一齐