名词环境，外界; 周围，围绕; 工作平台; （运行）环境

1. 生活环境；周围状况
Someone's environment is all the circumstances, people, things, and events around them that influence their life.

e.g. Pupils in our schools are taught in a safe, secure environment...
我们学校的学生在安全无虑的环境中接受教育。
e.g. The moral characters of men are formed not by heredity but by environment...
人的道德品质不是遗传的，而是由环境塑造而成。

2. 生存环境；特定自然环境
Your environment consists of the particular natural surroundings in which you live or exist, considered in relation to their physical characteristics or weather conditions.

e.g. If our environment cools, then messages from the skin alert the body's thermostat.
如果外在环境变冷，体表会将这一信息传递给身体的体温调节中枢。
e.g. ...the maintenance of a safe environment for marine mammals.
为海洋哺乳动物维持安全的生存环境

3. 自然环境;生态环境
The environment is the natural world of land, sea, air, plants, and animals.

e.g. ...Conservative spokesman on the environment.
保守党有关自然环境问题的发言人
e.g. ...persuading people to respect the environment.
劝告人们保护生态环境

及物动词磨碎，压碎; 装格栅

不及物动词发出刺耳的摩擦声; 使人烦恼难受

名词炉格，炉箅; 刺耳的声音

1. 炉栅；炉格；炉排；炉箅
A grate is a framework of metal bars in a fireplace, which holds the coal or wood.

e.g. A wood fire burned in the grate.
木柴在炉栅中燃烧着。

2. 磨碎,擦碎（食物）
If you grate food such as cheese or carrots, you rub it over a metal tool called a grater so that the food is cut into very small pieces.

e.g. Grate the cheese into a mixing bowl.
将干酪磨碎放进搅拌碗中。
e.g. ...grated carrot.
磨碎的胡萝卜

3. 发出吱吱嘎嘎的摩擦声；发出刺耳的摩擦声
When something grates, it rubs against something else making a harsh, unpleasant sound.

e.g. His chair grated as he got to his feet...
他起身时椅子发出吱吱嘎嘎的声音。
e.g. The gun barrel grated against the floor.
枪管拖在地上发出刺耳的声音。

4. 使烦躁；使气恼；使难受
If something such as someone's behaviour grates on you or grates, it makes you feel annoyed.

e.g. His manner always grated on me...
他的态度总是让我感到气恼。
e.g. What truly grates is the painful banter.
最让人气愤的是那个令人难堪的玩笑。

5. see also: grating

形容词下流的; 肮脏的，污秽的; 猥亵的，淫秽的

1. 肮脏的;污秽的
Something that is filthy is very dirty indeed.

e.g. He never washed, and always wore a filthy old jacket.
他总是穿着一件从来不洗的脏兮兮的旧夹克。

2. 卑劣的;淫秽的;猥亵的
If you describe something as filthy, you mean that you think it is morally very unpleasant and disgusting, sometimes in a sexual way.

e.g. Apparently, well known actors were at these filthy parties...
听说有些知名演员也参加了这些下流的聚会。
e.g. The play was full of filthy foul language.
这部戏充斥着猥亵粗俗的语言。

3. (天气)阴冷潮湿的，恶劣的
Filthy weather is very cold, wet, and windy.

e.g. ...a filthy wet night.
糟糕的雨夜

4. filthy rich - see rich