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电脑英语学习:计算机病毒与网络安全解析

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本文通过电脑英语学习场景,结合日常对话和计算机病毒相关内容,帮助学习者掌握实用英语表达,同时了解网络安全与计算机病毒的基本知识。

小技巧:选中单词后按放大器可以翻译单词哦

文章内容

学习英语不仅要掌握语法和词汇,更重要的是能在真实场景中自然运用。然而,课本上的句子往往过于正式,与实际生活中的表达相差甚远。想要说出一口地道、自然的英语,就需要接触真实语境中的对话。在这里,我们精选日常高频使用的英语表达,涵盖社交、工作、旅行等场景,帮你摆脱“教科书式英语”,学会老外真正在用的说法。下面是本期《电脑英语计算机病毒》的内容,坚持积累,让你的英语更贴近生活!

Dialogue 1. Do you have virus protection software on your PC? No, I'm always installing new software and getting rid of old programs. Virus protection software usually makes that more of a hassle. But what will you do if you get a virus? I guess I'll just refuel it. My heart dropped and start over.

Dialogue 2. Computer prices are really coming down. Not for me, they are not. What do you mean? I mean, my wife has discovered how to shop on the web.

Dialogue 3. This is a mouse. With the mouse, we can move the cursor very quickly. Look at the screen. See the little line that blanks? That's the cursor. You can begin to type there. I don't want to tap there. Then move the cursor. Watch. I hold the mouse in my hand. Now I'll move it across the table. See the cursor move?

Dialogue 4. I tried to copy a letter to another disk. But I pressed the wrong key. I erased my most important letter. That's all right. We always have a backup copy. I don't know. I deleted the backup too. Well, we still have a hot copy. This is a file cabinet.

Passage. A computer virus is one kind of threat to the security and integrity of computer systems. Like other threats, a computer virus can cause the loss or alteration of programs or data. Unlike many other threats, a computer virus can be spread from program to program and from system to system without direct human intervention. The essential component of a virus is a set of instructions which, when executed, spreads itself to other previously unaffected programs or files. First, it copies itself into previously uninfected programs or files. Second, perhaps after a specific number of executions or on a specific date, it executes whatever other instructions the virus author included in it.

Depending on the motives of the virus author, these instructions can do anything at all, including displaying a message, erasing files, or subtly altering stored data. In some cases, a virus may contain no intentionally harmful or disruptive instructions at all. Instead, it may cause damage by replicating itself and taking up scarce resources such as disk space, CPU time, or network connection. Let us now examine a particular sequence of events by which a virus could enter an organization and spread within it. Suppose that the organization hires an outside person to come in and perform some work. Part of that person's work involves using one of the organization's personal computers. The person brings in a few programs to aid in this work, such as a favorite text editor. Without realizing it, the text editor may be infected with a virus. Using that editor on one of the organization's machines causes the virus to spread, from the editor to one of the programs stored on the organization's machine, perhaps to a spreadsheet program.

When an employee uses that spreadsheet subsequently, the virus can spread to another program, perhaps to a directory listing program that the employee keeps on the same floppy disk as the spreadsheet data files. The listing program is then infected, and the infection can be spread to other computers to which this floppy disk is taken. If the employee's computer is connected to the organization's network, the employee may send the listing program to another user over the network. In either case, the virus can spread to more users and more machines, through floppy disks or networks. Each copy of the virus can make multiple copies of itself and can infect any program to which it has access. As a result, the virus may be able to spread throughout the organization in a relatively short time. Each of the infected programs on each of the infected machines can execute whatever other instructions the virus author intended. If these instructions are harmful or disruptive, the pervasiveness of the virus may cause widespread harm.

Traditional security measures have attempted to limit the number of security incidents to an acceptable level. A single incident of lost files in a year may be considered acceptable, for instance. While this is important, it only addresses the immediate problem. A virus able to spread throughout an organization may cause much greater damage than any individual computer user could cause. Limiting the number of initial infections in an organization is important, but it is often not feasible to prevent them entirely. As a result, it is important to be able to deal with them when they occur and to take actions to erase them.

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部分单词释义

  • integrity

    名词完整; 正直,诚实; [计算机]保存; 健全

    1. 正直;诚实
    If you have integrity, you are honest and firm in your moral principles.

    e.g. I have always regarded him as a man of integrity...
    我一直认为他正直诚实。
    e.g. He was praised for his fairness and high integrity.
    他的公正和正直操守受人称道。

    2. 完整;完全;完善
    The integrity of something such as a group of people or a text is its state of being a united whole.

    e.g. Separatist movements are a threat to the integrity of the nation.
    分离主义运动对国家统一是个威胁。

  • replicate

    及物动词复制,复写; 重复,反复; 折转; [生] 复制

    形容词复制的; 折叠的; [植]折转的

    名词复制品; 八音阶间隔的反覆音

    1. 复制;重做;使复现
    If you replicate someone's experiment, work, or research, you do it yourself in exactly the same way.

    e.g. He invited her to his laboratory to see if she could replicate the experiment.
    他邀请她到他的实验室看她能否复制该实验。

    2. (分子)复制
    If a molecule replicates, it divides into smaller molecules which are exact copies of itself.

    e.g. Cells can reproduce but only molecules can replicate.
    细胞可以再生,但是只有分子可以复制。

    replication
    The process of replication is very quick and efficient.
    复制的过程快捷、高效。
  • infection

    名词影响; 医传染,感染; 传染病,染毒物

    1. 传染病;感染
    An infection is a disease caused by germs or bacteria.

    e.g. Ear infections are common in pre-school children...
    耳部感染在学前儿童中很常见。
    e.g. Exactly which bacteria cause the infection is still unknown.
    到底是什么细菌引起的感染还不清楚。

  • hassle

    名词争论; 困难的事情; 麻烦的事情

    及物动词不断烦扰; 与…争辩; 使…烦恼

    不及物动词争论,争辩

    1. 麻烦;困难;争吵
    A hassle is a situation that is difficult and involves problems, effort, or arguments with people.

    e.g. I don't think it's worth the money or the hassle...
    我认为不值得为此花费那么多金钱和精力。
    e.g. Weddings are so much hassle that you need a good break afterwards.
    婚礼真是件折腾人的事,办完后得好好休息才行。

    2. 烦扰;纠缠
    If someone hassles you, they cause problems for you, often by repeatedly telling you or asking you to do something, in an annoying way.

    e.g. Then my husband started hassling me...
    然后我丈夫开始不停地烦我。
    e.g. If you are tired of being hassled by unreasonable parents, leave home and pay your own way.
    如果你厌烦了不通情理的父母的喋喋不休,那就离开家自食其力吧。

  • backup

    名词支持,后援; 阻塞; 计备份文件; [乐]伴奏

    形容词备用的,后补的; 支持性的; 伴奏的

    1. (物资、人员等的)支持,辅助
    Backup consists of extra equipment, resources, or people that you can get help or support from if necessary.

    e.g. There is no emergency back-up immediately available...
    手头无法获得应急支持。
    e.g. Alternative treatments can provide a useful back-up to conventional treatment.
    替代疗法能为传统的治疗提供有效的辅助。

    2. 备用品;后备计划
    If you have something such as a second piece of equipment or set of plans as backup, you have arranged for them to be available for use in case the first one does not work.

    e.g. Every part of the system has a backup...
    系统的每个部分都有备用元件。
    e.g. Computer users should make regular back-up copies of their work.
    计算机使用者应该定期对自己的工作进行备份。