及物动词渗入; 穿透，刺入; 秘密潜入; 洞悉，明了

不及物动词穿透，穿过; 进入，渗入; 洞悉

1. 渗入；进入；穿过；穿透
If something or someone penetrates a physical object or an area, they succeed in getting into it or passing through it.

e.g. X-rays can penetrate many objects...
X射线能够穿透很多物体。
e.g. His men had been ordered to shoot on sight anyone trying to penetrate the area.
他的部下已经接到命令，见到试图穿越该地区的人就开枪。

形容词化学的; 用化学方法制造的，化学作用的

名词化学药品，化学制品

1. 化学的;化学反应的;用化学方法生成的
Chemical means involving or resulting from a reaction between two or more substances, or relating to the substances that something consists of.

e.g. ...chemical reactions that cause ozone destruction.
导致臭氧受到破坏的化学反应
e.g. ...the chemical composition of the ocean.
海洋的化学成分

及物动词训练; 使有纪律; 处罚; 使有条理

名词纪律; 学科; 训练; 符合行为准则的行为（或举止）

1. 训练;纪律;风纪
Discipline is the practice of making people obey rules or standards of behaviour, and punishing them when they do not.

e.g. Order and discipline have been placed in the hands of headmasters and governing bodies.
维持秩序和纪律的工作已交接给了校长和管理机构了。
e.g. ...discipline problems in the classroom.
课堂纪律问题

2. 自制力;遵守纪律
Discipline is the quality of being able to behave and work in a controlled way which involves obeying particular rules or standards.

e.g. It was that image of calm and discipline that appealed to voters.
正是那个冷静、自律的形象打动了选民。

3. 训练;磨炼
If you refer to an activity or situation as a discipline, you mean that, in order to be successful in it, you need to behave in a strictly controlled way and obey particular rules or standards.

e.g. ...inner disciplines like transcendental meditation...
内省，如冥思静坐
e.g. The discipline of studying music can help children develop good work habits.
音乐学习中的训练可以帮助孩子们培养好的工作习惯。

4. 惩罚;处罚;处分
If someone is disciplined for something that they have done wrong, they are punished for it.

e.g. The workman was disciplined by his company but not dismissed...
那个工人受到了公司的处罚，但并没有被解雇。
e.g. Her husband had at last taken a share in disciplining the boy.
她的丈夫最后也加了进来一起教训那个男孩。

5. 训练;训导;管教
If you discipline yourself to do something, you train yourself to behave and work in a strictly controlled and regular way.

e.g. Out on the course you must discipline yourself to let go of detailed theory...
在高尔夫球场上，你必须训练自己做到不拘泥于细枝末节的理论。
e.g. I'm very good at disciplining myself.
我能做到严格自律。

6. (尤指大学里的)学科，科目
A discipline is a particular area of study, especially a subject of study in a college or university.

e.g. You've got to make sure that people work together across disciplines...
你必须确保让那些出身不同学科的人一起共事。
e.g. We're looking for people from a wide range of disciplines.
我们需要各个学科的人才。

7. see also: self-discipline

名词胡闹; 胡说，废话; 荒谬的念头; 愚蠢的行为

形容词荒谬的; 无意义的

int.荒唐

1. 胡说;假话;愚蠢的话
If you say that something spoken or written is nonsense, you mean that you consider it to be untrue or silly.

e.g. Most orthodox doctors however dismiss this as complete nonsense.
但大多数传统的医生认为此说法完全是胡说八道。
e.g. ...all that poetic nonsense about love...
所有那些关于爱情的充满诗情画意的假话

2. 愚蠢的举动;冒失(或轻浮)的行为
You can use nonsense to refer to something that you think is foolish or that you disapprove of.

e.g. Surely it is an economic nonsense to deplete the world of natural resources...
耗尽世界的自然资源毋庸置疑是愚蠢的经济行为。
e.g. I think there is a limit to how much of this nonsense people are going to put up with.
我想人们对这种胡闹总有一个承受极限。

3. 无意义的话;荒谬的话
You can refer to spoken or written words that do not mean anything because they do not make sense as nonsense .

e.g. ...a children's nonsense poem by Charles E Carryl.
查尔斯·E.卡里尔写的一首儿童打油诗

4. see also: no-nonsense

5. 使变得荒唐;使失去意义
To make a nonsense of something or to make nonsense of it means to make it seem ridiculous or pointless.

e.g. The fighting made a nonsense of peace pledges made in London last week...
这场战斗使上周在伦敦所作的和平承诺变成一纸空文。
e.g. It makes nonsense of our own rules governing laws of adoption in this country.
这使将我们自己的规定凌驾于该国收养法之上的做法显得十分荒谬。

名词参考; 参考书; 提及，涉及; 证明人，介绍人

动词引用; 参照

1. 提及；谈到
Reference to someone or something is the act of talking about them or mentioning them. A reference is a particular example of this.

e.g. He made no reference to any agreement...
他没有提到什么协议。
e.g. The crowd chanted 'No Poll Tax', a reference to the government's new local taxation system...
人群高呼“不要人头税”，指的是政府新确立的地方税收制度。

2. 咨询;征询;参考;查阅
Reference is the act of consulting someone or something in order to get information or advice.

e.g. This might be done without reference to Parliament...
这件事情也许可以绕过国会直接进行。
e.g. Please keep this sheet in a safe place for reference.
请把这张纸放在稳妥之处以备查阅。

3. （书）供参考的
Reference books are ones that you look at when you need specific information or facts about a subject.

e.g. There are several reference books which have been compiled to help you make your choice.
有几本参考书专门帮你作出选择。
e.g. ...a useful reference work for teachers.
有用的教师参考书

4. 引语；引用的观点；引证
A reference is a word, phrase, or idea which comes from something such as a book, poem, or play and which you use when making a point about something.

e.g. ...a reference from the Quran.
引自《古兰经》的引文
e.g. ...historical references.
历史引证

5. （方便查询的）编号，标记，索引
A reference is something such as a number or a name that tells you where you can obtain the information you want.

e.g. ...a map reference...
地图索引
e.g. Make a note of the reference number shown on the form.
把表格上的编码记下来。

6. 介绍信;推荐信
A reference is a letter that is written by someone who knows you and which describes your character and abilities. When you apply for a job, an employer might ask for references .

e.g. The firm offered to give her a reference.
公司主动给她开具介绍信。

7. （求职等时的）推荐人，介绍人，证明人
A reference is a person who gives you a reference, for example when you are applying for a job.

名词异想天开; 怪念头; 怪脾气; 与众不同的幽默感

1. 奇思异想;不同寻常的行为
Whimsy is behaviour which is unusual, playful, and unpredictable, rather than having any serious reason or purpose behind it.

名词谦逊，谦恭; 谦让的行为; 谦虚谨慎

1. 谦逊;谦虚;谦恭
Someone who has humility is not proud and does not believe they are better than other people.

e.g. ...a deep sense of humility...
极为谦虚
e.g. For a long time he still thought like a millionaire but he has humility now.
在很长一段时间里，他仍以一个百万富翁的方式思维，但他现在变得谦恭了。

名词纪念，纪念仪式

形容词使人烦恼的，使人恼火的

动词使烦恼( vex的现在分词 ); 使苦恼; 使生气; 详细讨论