形容词结构复杂的; 混乱的，麻烦的

动词使复杂化( complicate的过去式)

1. 复杂的;难懂的;难处理的
If you say that something is complicated, you mean it has so many parts or aspects that it is difficult to understand or deal with.

e.g. The situation in Lebanon is very complicated.
黎巴嫩的情况十分复杂。
e.g. ...a very complicated voting system.
非常复杂的选举体制

名词事实; 现实，现实性; 真实情况，实际情形; 实体，实在

1. 现实;事实
You use reality to refer to real things or the real nature of things rather than imagined, invented, or theoretical ideas.

e.g. Fiction and reality were increasingly blurred...
虚构和现实越来越难以区分了。
e.g. Psychiatrists become too caught up in their theories to deal adequately with reality.
精神病专家太纠结于理论，无法很好地处理现实问题。

2. （尤指不愉快的或困难的）真实情况，实际情形
The reality of a situation is the truth about it, especially when it is unpleasant or difficult to deal with.

e.g. ...the harsh reality of top international competition...
高层次的国际竞争的严酷现实
e.g. Other psychoanalysts do accept the reality of child sexual abuse.
其他心理分析师确实接受了儿童性侵犯的现实。

3. 现实存在;真实发生的事
You say that something has become a reality when it actually exists or is actually happening.

e.g. ...the whole procedure that made this book become a reality...
本书成书的整个过程
e.g. The reality is that they are poor.
现状是他们很贫穷。

4. 事实上；实际上
You can use in reality to introduce a statement about the real nature of something, when it contrasts with something incorrect that has just been described.

e.g. He came across as streetwise, but in reality he was not.
他给人的印象是很适应都市生活，但实际上并非如此。

名词参考; 参考书; 提及，涉及; 证明人，介绍人

动词引用; 参照

1. 提及；谈到
Reference to someone or something is the act of talking about them or mentioning them. A reference is a particular example of this.

e.g. He made no reference to any agreement...
他没有提到什么协议。
e.g. The crowd chanted 'No Poll Tax', a reference to the government's new local taxation system...
人群高呼“不要人头税”，指的是政府新确立的地方税收制度。

2. 咨询;征询;参考;查阅
Reference is the act of consulting someone or something in order to get information or advice.

e.g. This might be done without reference to Parliament...
这件事情也许可以绕过国会直接进行。
e.g. Please keep this sheet in a safe place for reference.
请把这张纸放在稳妥之处以备查阅。

3. （书）供参考的
Reference books are ones that you look at when you need specific information or facts about a subject.

e.g. There are several reference books which have been compiled to help you make your choice.
有几本参考书专门帮你作出选择。
e.g. ...a useful reference work for teachers.
有用的教师参考书

4. 引语；引用的观点；引证
A reference is a word, phrase, or idea which comes from something such as a book, poem, or play and which you use when making a point about something.

e.g. ...a reference from the Quran.
引自《古兰经》的引文
e.g. ...historical references.
历史引证

5. （方便查询的）编号，标记，索引
A reference is something such as a number or a name that tells you where you can obtain the information you want.

e.g. ...a map reference...
地图索引
e.g. Make a note of the reference number shown on the form.
把表格上的编码记下来。

6. 介绍信;推荐信
A reference is a letter that is written by someone who knows you and which describes your character and abilities. When you apply for a job, an employer might ask for references .

e.g. The firm offered to give her a reference.
公司主动给她开具介绍信。

7. （求职等时的）推荐人，介绍人，证明人
A reference is a person who gives you a reference, for example when you are applying for a job.

名词预测; 规划，设计; [心]投射; 突起物

1. 预计；预测；估计
A projection is an estimate of a future amount.

e.g. ...the company's projection of 11 million visitors for the first year.
公司对第一年将有1,100万游客的预测
e.g. ...sales projections.
销售预测

2. 投射；放映
The projection of a film or picture is the act of projecting it onto a screen or wall.

e.g. They took me into a projection room to see a picture.
他们把我带到放映室去看一张图。

名词[医]镇静剂，止痛药; 能使安静的东西

形容词镇静的，镇定的，止痛的; 使镇静的，使安静的

1. 镇静剂
A sedative is a medicine or drug that calms you or makes you sleep.

e.g. They use opium as a sedative, rather than as a narcotic.
他们把鸦片用作镇静剂而不是毒品。

2. 有镇静作用的;有催眠作用的
Something that has a sedative effect calms you or makes you sleep.

e.g. Amber bath oil has a sedative effect.
琥珀沐浴油有镇静安神效用。

名词间谍活动; 侦察

1. 间谍行为;谍报活动
Espionage is the activity of finding out the political, military, or industrial secrets of your enemies or rivals by using spies.

e.g. The authorities have arrested several people suspected of espionage.
官方已经逮捕了几个涉嫌从事间谍活动的人。
e.g. ...industrial espionage.
工业间谍活动

名词优势; 统治; 支配; 优性

1. 支配;控制
The dominance of a particular person or thing is the fact that they are more powerful, successful, or important than other people or things.

e.g. ...an attempt by each group to establish dominance over the other...
各个小组都想要控制其他小组的企图
e.g. These economies will no doubt maintain their dominance of financial markets...
这些经济制度将毫无疑问地维持他们在金融市场上的主导权。