学习英语不仅要掌握语法和词汇，更重要的是能在真实场景中自然运用。然而，课本上的句子往往过于正式，与实际生活中的表达相差甚远。想要说出一口地道、自然的英语，就需要接触真实语境中的对话。在这里，我们精选日常高频使用的英语表达，涵盖社交、工作、旅行等场景，帮你摆脱“教科书式英语”，学会老外真正在用的说法。下面是本期《电脑英语数据库管理系统》的内容，坚持积累，让你的英语更贴近生活！

Dialogue 1. Hey Greg, check out my new wallpaper. I've seen a bunch of pictures from our trip to Hawaii last summer. I like it, but it's not too bad besides I've got a 20 gig hard drive, so I've got plenty of room.

Dialogue 2. Something was wrong with my computer screen. Everything looks yellow. Try briefly the keyboard that's attached to your computer. Hey, it worked. Sometimes that happens from the keyboard that's old and the connection isn't as good.

Dialogue 3. I keep getting so much spam in my email. What can I do about it? If your account has filters, you can block filter senders. All of the root mail with certain content to a different filter. I think my account does have filters. I'll have to check that out.

Dialogue 4. You're going to be gone for three weeks. That's right. You'll have a lot of emails who catch up with when you get back. That's right. I have all my new favorites to a lot of things account where I'm gone. That's right. I can keep up with it anywhere I can get on the internet.

A database is a large group of stored, integrated, cross-reference data, usually organized in files that can be retrieved and manipulated to produce information. A database management system (DBMS) is a comprehensive software tool that allows users to create, maintain, and manipulate the database to produce the relevant management information. By integrated, we mean that the file records are logically related to one another, so that all data on a topic can be retrieved by simple requests. The database management system software represents the interface between the user and the computer's operating system and database. Picture a typical corporate office with a desk, chairs, telephone, and a row of file cabinets along the wall. A wide variety of business data is stored in these cabinets. If the files have been carefully organized and maintained, then any piece of data that needs to be retrieved can quickly be located and removed. However, if the data has not been properly filed, sometime an effort will be extended to find it. And regardless of how carefully the files have been organized and maintained, you will always need to retrieve related pieces of data.

For example, suppose you need to review the customer files for all invoices, for payments due in excess of $2,500 and prepare a simple report. Note, how would you accomplish this task? First, you would probably go through the customer files in alphabetical order folder by folder. You would examine each invoice in the folders. To determine if the amount is in excess of $2,500, and remove and copy each invoice that meets the criterion, you would then have to refill the copies you removed and risk misfiling them. When you had examined all the customer folders and copied all the appropriate invoices, you would then review the copies and put together your report. Imagine how much time this would take. If there are a lot of customers, you would need to spend hours if not days.

Now let's look at the situation in a different way. The environment is the same, except that instead of file cabinets, you have a micro computer or a terminal, and DBMS software that has access to a customer database file. In this file, a lower customer data is referred to as a record, and an individual piece of data within a record, such as a name, is referred to as a field. To get the invoice data you need, you would do something like this. Turn on the computer and the printer. Start up the DBMS software. Give the command to open up the customer database file stored on your disk, which is similar in concept to manually opening up the customer file in a filing cabinet. Give the command to search all the records in the database file, and display copies of the records that meet your criterion. That is, the names of people with unpaid invoices greater than $2,500. If you were using a DBASE 4, a popular micro computer DBMS, the computer would look something like, if you were using SQL structured query language, the command would look like this. In response to this command, all the records in the file that have an invoice amount greater than $2,500 will be listed on the screen. The SQL command would also sort the listing into order by name. This whole procedure would take perhaps only five minutes or less.

The DBMS is a software tool designed to manage a large number of integrated shared electronic file cabinets. You describe the type of data you wish to store, and the DBMS is responsible for creating the database files, and providing an easy-to-use mechanism for storing, retrieving, and manipulating the data. In small businesses, databases may be both created and operated by the user. In moderate to large-sized businesses with extensive computer systems, the corporate database is usually created by technical information specialists, such as the database administrator. But the database management system is acquired by the information systems department. Users generate and extract data stored by the database management system, as with systems analysis and design, to design the database, the organization must describe its information needs to the designers, and specify the type of data needed. Users participate heavily in this process of defining what information needs to be stored in the database.

Since the early 1980s, tremendous advances have been made in developing database management systems for micro computers. They are now easy enough for users to learn to operate without assistance, and powerful enough to produce valuable management information. With all the success of whether you're in a large or small business, you cannot afford to do without the capabilities that a DBMS can provide. Note, regardless of whether you're in a large or small business, you cannot afford to do without the capabilities that a DBMS can provide.

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